| a)This document outlines the normal procedures of | | | | labelling the plants or recording the eventso a more |
| Rose Propagation by using Cuttings as well as some | | | | convenient irrigation and fertilizationo a better |
| useful and practical hints for Rose producers.b) | | | | condition to prevent or strike possible pests or |
| Background | | | | diseases |
| In general, Cutting Propagation is the easiest way to | | | | By the end of November all the cuttings were laid in |
| propagate Roses comparing to other methods such | | | | their position inside the greenhouse where the |
| as Budding or Seeding which need skills and take up | | | | temperature differed from 5 C at night to 25 C in |
| special possibilities. Rooting cuttings is simple and for a | | | | the mid day. I tried to pay attention to the |
| commercial purpose it requires the least amount of | | | | temperature and humidity at all times; not too cold to |
| money and workers, so for the beginners it is the | | | | let the units frost, and not too hot and humid to |
| most suitable way to propagate different cultivars of | | | | allow the occurrence of disease especially Fungus, |
| Rose with an average 75% of success depending on | | | | however to obviate the outburst of any potential |
| the way of treatment and supervision, also the | | | | pest or disease I sprayed the units with a solution of |
| variables of disease, pest and environment.c) Personal | | | | Mancozeb (ratio 2/1000) inside the greenhouse and |
| Workplace Activity | | | | frequently disinfected the tools and gloves. |
| The area I worked in had a continental climate with | | | | I irrigated the cuttings 2-3 times a week in average, |
| harsh winters - a minimum temperature of -12 Celsius | | | | or as soon as the surface of the soil dried out, |
| - so in early November I built a simple wooden frame | | | | however there is no regular timing for irrigation as it |
| and plastic covered greenhouse (12m x 5m, and 2m | | | | totally depends on different variables such as |
| high) in order to place and protect 3000 rose cuttings. | | | | temperature, humidity and the phase of growth. Also |
| Because the roses were meant to be planted in civil | | | | I did not feel the requirement of using fertilizers. |
| landscapes such as parks and recreational centres, I | | | | In 3-5 weeks I noticed that the cuttings are starting |
| decided to choose the mother-plants from those | | | | to root and after 3 months by the end of February |
| areas where the most popular varieties are different | | | | they started to sprout and create new stems. At |
| hybrids of Tea Rose, White Rose and Red Rose. So | | | | that time I removed the plastic cover of greenhouse |
| in the mid November that is a good time to take | | | | whenever there was a medium daylight and |
| cuttings, I went to several parks nearby to obtain | | | | moderate temperature. It was a crucial moment as |
| the cuttings by pruning the roses from their gardens. | | | | they need more water and a better care like cutting |
| I tried to take cuttings in the morning and choose | | | | off old yellow leaves and dispose of all the non |
| healthy plants with no trace of pest or disease on | | | | rooted units to prevent the growth of Fungus. |
| them. | | | | By the early spring I removed the plastic cover of |
| After transporting the stems to workplace I started | | | | greenhouse from the sides but the top was left to |
| to make the cuttings with precision. I used a pruning | | | | make a shadow environment for the cuttings as the |
| shear to make a nice 45 dergree cut, 1cm just above | | | | rose cuttings are sensitive to strong sunlight until |
| the top bud (the higher point is above the bud) and a | | | | they are cultivated in their permanent location. |
| flat cut for the base of cutting right below the node | | | | As for a case of experiment I decided to plant 200 |
| (the node has a better rooting). Each cutting was | | | | of softwoods and 200 of hardwoods in the medium |
| 12-17cm long with at least 3 buds and one set of | | | | without dipping them into the rooting hormone. The |
| leaflets (preferably five leaflets) on it to produce | | | | interesting result is that it did not have any significant |
| food through "Photosynthesis" during the process of | | | | influence on softwoods, but for the hardwoods they |
| rooting. I made two types of cuttings; the Softwood | | | | had half the rooting percentage than the dipped ones. |
| cuttings from the stems grown in the early spring | | | | In the end of March the cuttings had passed their |
| the same year with soft and green Periderm, | | | | vulnerable stage and were ready to be delivered to |
| comparing to Hardwood cuttings from the older | | | | the gardeners as they were to sit in their nurseries til |
| stems with hard and woody bark. I tried to make a | | | | the end of summer to produce a stronger rooting |
| narrow vertical slit at the base of Hardwoods as | | | | system and finally be cultivated in the landscape in |
| wounding the cuttings helps increase the rooting | | | | the autumn. |
| success. | | | | Totally 80% of cuttings had successfully rooted and |
| After trimming the cuttings I dipped about 2 inches | | | | grown to the ideal stage, but basically comparing the |
| of the bases into rooting hormone (Synthetic Auxin) | | | | 90% of softwoods to the 70% of hardwoods |
| for 5 seconds, then stuck them in a well-drained | | | | completing the rooting period and sprout, shows no |
| rooting medium - a mixture of 80% river sand and | | | | matter how well you treat the rose cuttings, the |
| 20% area's soil which has a loam-clay texture - inside | | | | softwoods always bring about a better outcome. |
| the planting bags (10cm in diameter, 15cm deep), | | | | I used some tags and labels in order to record the |
| made of dark polyethylene with drainage hole | | | | rooting progress and growth rate and to keep the |
| underneath, as I had prepared them before. | | | | track of any unwanted incident. |
| Each cutting was then removed to the greenhouse | | | | Apart from the quality of cuttings, good treatment |
| and placed on top of wooden pallets in order to | | | | and irrigation, one of the other factors that really |
| create better airing and drainage. The cuttings were | | | | helped the cuttings to generate this positive result is; |
| divided into 10 groups of 300 (30 x 10) as dividing | | | | the total absence of pests and disease during the |
| them into groups had many advantages such as;o an | | | | rooting period which I believe it was secured by the |
| easy way to control and monitor the rooting process | | | | act of prevention. |
| or growtho a more organized environment to allow | | | | |